Publications

141. Goodrum F, Lowen AC, Lakdawala S, Alwine J, Casadevall A, Imperiale MJ, Atwood W, Avgousti D, Baines J, Banfield B, Banks L, Bhaduri-McIntosh S, Bhattacharya D, Blanco-Melo D, Bloom D, Boon A, Boulant S, Brandt C, Broadbent A, Brooke C, Cameron C, Campos S, Caposio P, Chan G, Cliffe A, Coffin J, Collins K, Damania B, Daugherty M, Debbink K, DeCaprio J, Dermody T, Dikeakos J, DiMaio D, Dinglasan R, Duprex WP, Dutch R, Elde N, Emerman M, Enquist L, Fane B, Fernandez-Sesma A, Flenniken M, Frappier L, Frieman M, Frueh K, Gack M, Gaglia M, Gallagher T, Galloway D, García-Sastre A, Geballe A, Glaunsinger B, Goff S, Greninger A, Hancock M, Harris E, Heaton N, Heise M, Heldwein E, Hogue B, Horner S, Hutchinson E, Hyser J, Jackson W, Kalejta R, Kamil J, Karst S, Kirchhoff F, Knipe D, Kowalik T, Lagunoff M, Laimins L, Langlois R, Lauring A, Lee B, Leib D, Liu SL, Longnecker R, Lopez C, Luftig M, Lund J, Manicassamy B, McFadden G, McIntosh M, Mehle A, Miller WA, Mohr I, Moody C, Moorman N, Moscona A, Mounce B, Munger J, Münger K, Murphy E, Naghavi M, Nelson J, Neufeldt C, Nikolich J, O'Connor C, Ono A, Orenstein W, Ornelles D, Ou JH, Parker J, Parrish C, Pekosz A, Pellett P, Pfeiffer J, Plemper R, Polyak S, Purdy J, Pyeon D, Quinones-Mateu M, Renne R, Rice C, Schoggins J, Roller R, Russell C, Sandri-Goldin R, Sapp M, Schang L, Schmid S, Schultz-Cherry S, Semler B, Shenk T, Silvestri G, Simon V, Smith G, Smith J, Spindler K, Stanifer M, Subbarao K, Sundquist W, Suthar M, Sutton T, Tai A, Tarakanova V, tenOever B, Tibbetts S, Tompkins S, Toth Z, van Doorslaer K, Vignuzzi M, Wallace N, Walsh D, Weekes M, Weinberg J, Weitzman M, Weller S, Whelan S, White E, Williams B, Wobus C, Wong S, Yurochko A. Virology under the Microscope-a Call for Rational Discourse. mBio. 2023 Feb 28;14(1):e0018823. doi: 10.1128/mbio.00188-23. Epub 2023 Jan 26. PMID: 36700642; PMCID: PMC9973315.

140. Goodrum F, Lowen AC, Lakdawala S, Alwine J, Casadevall A, Imperiale MJ, Atwood W, Avgousti D, Baines J, Banfield B, Banks L, Bhaduri-McIntosh S, Bhattacharya D, Blanco-Melo D, Bloom D, Boon A, Boulant S, Brandt C, Broadbent A, Brooke C, Cameron C, Campos S, Caposio P, Chan G, Cliffe A, Coffin J, Collins K, Damania B, Daugherty M, Debbink K, DeCaprio J, Dermody T, Dikeakos J, DiMaio D, Dinglasan R, Duprex WP, Dutch R, Elde N, Emerman M, Enquist L, Fane B, Fernandez-Sesma A, Flenniken M, Frappier L, Frieman M, Frueh K, Gack M, Gaglia M, Gallagher T, Galloway D, García-Sastre A, Geballe A, Glaunsinger B, Goff S, Greninger A, Hancock M, Harris E, Heaton N, Heise M, Heldwein E, Hogue B, Horner S, Hutchinson E, Hyser J, Jackson W, Kalejta R, Kamil J, Karst S, Kirchhoff F, Knipe D, Kowalik T, Lagunoff M, Laimins L, Langlois R, Lauring A, Lee B, Leib D, Liu SL, Longnecker R, Lopez C, Luftig M, Lund J, Manicassamy B, McFadden G, McIntosh M, Mehle A, Miller WA, Mohr I, Moody C, Moorman N, Moscona A, Mounce B, Munger J, Münger K, Murphy E, Naghavi M, Nelson J, Neufeldt C, Nikolich J, O'Connor C, Ono A, Orenstein W, Ornelles D, Ou JH, Parker J, Parrish C, Pekosz A, Pellett P, Pfeiffer J, Plemper R, Polyak S, Purdy J, Pyeon D, Quinones-Mateu M, Renne R, Rice C, Schoggins J, Roller R, Russell C, Sandri-Goldin R, Sapp M, Schang L, Schmid S, Schultz-Cherry S, Semler B, Shenk T, Silvestri G, Simon V, Smith G, Smith J, Spindler K, Stanifer M, Subbarao K, Sundquist W, Suthar M, Sutton T, Tai A, Tarakanova V, tenOever B, Tibbetts S, Tompkins S, Toth Z, van Doorslaer K, Vignuzzi M, Wallace N, Walsh D, Weekes M, Weinberg J, Weitzman M, Weller S, Whelan S, White E, Williams B, Wobus C, Wong S, Yurochko A. Virology under the Microscope-a Call for Rational Discourse. J Virol. 2023 Feb 28;97(2):e0008923. doi: 10.1128/jvi.00089-23. Epub 2023 Jan 26. PMID: 36700640; PMCID: PMC9972907.

139. Goodrum F, Lowen AC, Lakdawala S, Alwine J, Casadevall A, Imperiale MJ, Atwood W, Avgousti D, Baines J, Banfield B, Banks L, Bhaduri-McIntosh S, Bhattacharya D, Blanco-Melo D, Bloom D, Boon A, Boulant S, Brandt C, Broadbent A, Brooke C, Cameron C, Campos S, Caposio P, Chan G, Cliffe A, Coffin J, Collins K, Damania B, Daugherty M, Debbink K, DeCaprio J, Dermody T, Dikeakos J, DiMaio D, Dinglasan R, Duprex WP, Dutch R, Elde N, Emerman M, Enquist L, Fane B, Fernandez-Sesma A, Flenniken M, Frappier L, Frieman M, Frueh K, Gack M, Gaglia M, Gallagher T, Galloway D, García-Sastre A, Geballe A, Glaunsinger B, Goff S, Greninger A, Hancock M, Harris E, Heaton N, Heise M, Heldwein E, Hogue B, Horner S, Hutchinson E, Hyser J, Jackson W, Kalejta R, Kamil J, Karst S, Kirchhoff F, Knipe D, Kowalik T, Lagunoff M, Laimins L, Langlois R, Lauring A, Lee B, Leib D, Liu SL, Longnecker R, Lopez C, Luftig M, Lund J, Manicassamy B, McFadden G, McIntosh M, Mehle A, Miller WA, Mohr I, Moody C, Moorman N, Moscona A, Mounce B, Munger J, Münger K, Murphy E, Naghavi M, Nelson J, Neufeldt C, Nikolich J, O'Connor C, Ono A, Orenstein W, Ornelles D, Ou JH, Parker J, Parrish C, Pekosz A, Pellett P, Pfeiffer J, Plemper R, Polyak S, Purdy J, Pyeon D, Quinones-Mateu M, Renne R, Rice C, Schoggins J, Roller R, Russell C, Sandri-Goldin R, Sapp M, Schang L, Schmid S, Schultz-Cherry S, Semler B, Shenk T, Silvestri G, Simon V, Smith G, Smith J, Spindler K, Stanifer M, Subbarao K, Sundquist W, Suthar M, Sutton T, Tai A, Tarakanova V, tenOever B, Tibbetts S, Tompkins S, Toth Z, van Doorslaer K, Vignuzzi M, Wallace N, Walsh D, Weekes M, Weinberg J, Weitzman M, Weller S, Whelan S, White E, Williams B, Wobus C, Wong S, Yurochko A. Virology under the Microscope-a Call for Rational Discourse. mSphere. 2023 Jan 26:e0003423. doi: 10.1128/msphere.00034-23. Epub ahead of print. PMID: 36700653.

138. Greene SE, Huang Y, Kim W, Liebeskind MJ, Chandrasekaran V, Liu Z, Deepak P, Paley MA, Lew D, Yang M, Matloubian M, Gensler LS, Nakamura MC, O'Hallaran JA, Presti RM, Whelan SPJ, Buchser WJ, Kim AHJ, Weil GJ. A simple point-of-care assay accurately detects anti-spike antibodies after SARS-CoV-2 vaccination. J Clin Virol Plus. 2023 Feb;3(1):100135. doi: 10.1016/j.jcvp.2023.100135. Epub 2023 Jan 11. PMID: 36644774; PMCID: PMC9831968.

137. Manangeeswaran M, Ireland DDC, Thacker SG, Lee HN, Kelley-Baker L, Lewkowicz AP, Rothlauf PW, Cornejo Pontelli M, Bloyet LM, Eckhaus MA, Mendoza MI, Whelan S, Verthelyi D. BSL2-compliant lethal mouse model of SARS-CoV-2 and variants of concern to evaluate therapeutics targeting the Spike protein. Front Immunol. 2022 Jul 28;13:919815. doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.919815. PMID: 35967447; PMCID: PMC9367692. 

136. Park YJ, Pinto D, Walls AC, Liu Z, De Marco A, Benigni F, Zatta F, Silacci-Fregni C, Bassi J, Sprouse KR, Addetia A, Bowen JE, Stewart C, Giurdanella M, Saliba C, Guarino B, Schmid MA, Franko NM, Logue JK, Dang HV, Hauser K, di Iulio J, Rivera W, Schnell G, Rajesh A, Zhou J, Farhat N, Kaiser H, Montiel-Ruiz M, Noack J, Lempp FA, Janer J, Abdelnabi R, Maes P, Ferrari P, Ceschi A, Giannini O, de Melo GD, Kergoat L, Bourhy H, Neyts J, Soriaga L, Purcell LA, Snell G, Whelan SPJ, Lanzavecchia A, Virgin HW, Piccoli L, Chu HY, Pizzuto MS, Corti D, Veesler D. Imprinted antibody responses against SARS-CoV-2 Omicron sublineages. Science. 2022 Nov 11;378(6620):619-627. doi: 10.1126/science.adc9127. Epub 2022 Oct 20. PMID: 36264829. 

135.  Kreutzberger AJB, Sanyal A, Saminathan A, Bloyet LM, Stumpf S, Liu Z, Ojha R, Patjas MT, Geneid A, Scanavachi G, Doyle CA, Somerville E, Correia RBDC, Di Caprio G, Toppila-Salmi S, Mäkitie A, Kiessling V, Vapalahti O, Whelan SPJ, Balistreri G, Kirchhausen T. SARS-CoV-2 requires acidic pH to infect cells. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2022 Sep 20;119(38):e2209514119. doi: 10.1073/pnas.2209514119. Epub 2022 Sep 1. PMID: 36048924.

134.  Schwarz MM, Price DA, Ganaie SS, Feng A, Mishra N, Hoehl RM, Fatma F, Stubbs SH, Whelan SPJ, Cui X, Egawa T, Leung DW, Amarasinghe GK, Hartman AL. Oropouche orthobunyavirus infection is mediated by the cellular host factor Lrp1. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2022 Aug 16;119(33):e2204706119. doi: 10.1073/pnas.2204706119. Epub 2022 Aug 8. PMID: 35939689; PMCID: PMC9388146.

133.  Jenni S, Horwitz JA, Bloyet LM, Whelan SPJ, Harrison SC. Visualizing molecular interactions that determine assembly of a bullet-shaped vesicular stomatitis virus particle. Nat Commun. 2022 Aug 15;13(1):4802. doi: 10.1038/s41467-022-32223-1. PMID: 35970826; PMCID: PMC9378655. 132. Bamunuarachchi G, Harastani H, Rothlauf PW, Dai YN, Ellebedy A, Fremont D, Whelan SPJ, Wang D, Boon ACM. Detection of Bourbon Virus-Specific Serum Neutralizing Antibodies in Human Serum in Missouri, USA. mSphere. 2022 May 24:e0016422. doi: 10.1128/msphere.00164-22. Epub ahead of print. PMID: 35607948.

132. Bamunuarachchi G, Harastani H, Rothlauf PW, Dai YN, Ellebedy A, Fremont D, Whelan SPJ, Wang D, Boon ACM. Detection of Bourbon Virus-Specific Serum Neutralizing Antibodies in Human Serum in Missouri, USA. mSphere. 2022 May 24:e0016422. doi: 10.1128/msphere.00164-22. Epub ahead of print. PMID: 35607948. 

131. Pontelli MC, Castro IA, Martins RB, La Serra L, Veras FP, Nascimento DC, Silva CM, Cardoso RS, Rosales R, Gomes R, Lima TM, Souza JP, Vitti BC, Caetité DB, de Lima MHF, Stumpf SD, Thompson CE, Bloyet LM, Kawahisa JTE, Giannini MC, Bonjorno LP, Lopes MIF, Batah SS, Li S, Assad RL, Almeida SCL, Oliveira FR, Benatti MN, Pontes LLF, Santana RC, Vilar FC, Martins MA, Shi PY, Cunha TM, Calado RT, Alves-Filho JC, Zamboni DS, Fabro A, Louzada-Junior P, Oliveira RDR, Whelan SPJ, Cunha FQ, Arruda E. SARS-CoV-2 productively infects primary human immune system cells in vitro and in COVID-19 patients. J Mol Cell Biol. 2022 Apr 22:mjac021. doi: 10.1093/jmcb/mjac021. Epub ahead of print. PMID: 35451490.

130. Hunt AC, Case JB, Park YJ, Cao L, Wu K, Walls AC, Liu Z, Bowen JE, Yeh HW, Saini S, Helms L, Zhao YT, Hsiang TY, Starr TN, Goreshnik I, Kozodoy L, Carter L, Ravichandran R, Green LB, Matochko WL, Thomson CA, Vögeli B, Krüger A, VanBlargan LA, Chen RE, Ying B, Bailey AL, Kafai NM, Boyken SE, Ljubetič A, Edman N, Ueda G, Chow CM, Johnson M, Addetia A, Navarro MJ, Panpradist N, Gale M Jr, Freedman BS, Bloom JD, Ruohola-Baker H, Whelan SPJ, Stewart L, Diamond MS, Veesler D, Jewett MC, Baker D. Multivalent designed proteins neutralize SARS-CoV-2 variants of concern and confer protection against infection in mice. Sci Transl Med. 2022 May 25;14(646):eabn1252. doi: 10.1126/scitranslmed.abn1252. Epub 2022 May 25. PMID: 35412328.

129. DeGrace MM, Ghedin E, Frieman MB, Krammer F, Grifoni A, Alisoltani A, Alter G, Amara RR, Baric RS, Barouch DH, Bloom JD, Bloyet LM, Bonenfant G, Boon ACM, Boritz EA, Bratt DL, Bricker TL, Brown L, Buchser WJ, Carreño JM, Cohen-Lavi L, Darling TL, Davis-Gardner ME, Dearlove BL, Di H, Dittmann M, Doria-Rose NA, Douek DC, Drosten C, Edara VV, Ellebedy A, Fabrizio TP, Ferrari G, Fischer WM, Florence WC, Fouchier RAM, Franks J, García-Sastre A, Godzik A, Gonzalez-Reiche AS, Gordon A, Haagmans BL, Halfmann PJ, Ho DD, Holbrook MR, Huang Y, James SL, Jaroszewski L, Jeevan T, Johnson RM, Jones TC, Joshi A, Kawaoka Y, Kercher L, Koopmans MPG, Korber B, Koren E, Koup RA, LeGresley EB, Lemieux JE, Liebeskind MJ, Liu Z, Livingston B, Logue JP, Luo Y, McDermott AB, McElrath MJ, Meliopoulos VA, Menachery VD, Montefiori DC, Mühlemann B, Munster VJ, Munt JE, Nair MS, Netzl A, Niewiadomska AM, O'Dell S, Pekosz A, Perlman S, Pontelli MC, Rockx B, Rolland M, Rothlauf PW, Sacharen S, Scheuermann RH, Schmidt SD, Schotsaert M, Schultz-Cherry S, Seder RA, Sedova M, Sette A, Shabman RS, Shen X, Shi PY, Shukla M, Simon V, Stumpf S, Sullivan NJ, Thackray LB, Theiler J, Thomas PG, Trifkovic S, Türeli S, Turner SA, Vakaki MA, van Bakel H, VanBlargan LA, Vincent LR, Wallace ZS, Wang L, Wang M, Wang P, Wang W, Weaver SC, Webby RJ, Weiss CD, Wentworth DE, Weston SM, Whelan SPJ, Whitener BM, Wilks SH, Xie X, Ying B, Yoon H, Zhou B, Hertz T, Smith DJ, Diamond MS, Post DJ, Suthar MS. Defining the risk of SARS-CoV-2 variants on immune protection. Nature. 2022 May;605(7911):640-652. doi: 10.1038/s41586-022-04690-5. Epub 2022 Mar 31. PMID: 35361968.

128. Bakkers MJG, Moon-Walker A, Herlo R, Brusic V, Stubbs SH, Hastie KM, Saphire EO, Kirchhausen TL, Whelan SPJ. CD164 is a host factor for lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus entry. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2022 Mar 8;119(10):e2119676119. doi: 10.1073/pnas.2119676119. Epub 2022 Mar 2. PMID: 35235462; PMCID: PMC8915965.

127. Kim W, Zhou JQ, Horvath SC, Schmitz AJ, Sturtz AJ, Lei T, Liu Z, Kalaidina E, Thapa M, Alsoussi WB, Haile A, Klebert MK, Suessen T, Parra-Rodriguez L, Mudd PA, Whelan SPJ, Middleton WD, Teefey SA, Pusic I, O'Halloran JA, Presti RM, Turner JS, Ellebedy AH. Germinal centre-driven maturation of B cell response to mRNA vaccination. Nature. 2022 Feb 15. doi: 10.1038/s41586-022-04527-1. Epub ahead of print. PMID: 35168246.

126. Park YJ, De Marco A, Starr TN, Liu Z, Pinto D, Walls AC, Zatta F, Zepeda SK, Bowen JE, Sprouse KR, Joshi A, Giurdanella M, Guarino B, Noack J, Abdelnabi R, Foo SC, Rosen LE, Lempp FA, Benigni F, Snell G, Neyts J, Whelan SPJ, Virgin HW, Bloom JD, Corti D, Pizzuto MS, Veesler D. Antibody-mediated broad sarbecovirus neutralization through ACE2 molecular mimicry. Science. 2022 Jan 28;375(6579):449-454. doi: 10.1126/science.abm8143. Epub 2022 Jan 6. PMID: 34990214.

125. Gonzalez Lopez Ledesma MM, Sanchez L, Ojeda DS, Oviedo Rouco S, Rossi AH, Varese A, Mazzitelli I, Pascuale CA, Miglietta EA, Rodríguez PE, Pallarés HM, Costa Navarro GS, Caramelo JJ, Rothlauf PW, Liu Z, Bloyet LM, Cornejo Pontelli M, Rasetto NB, Wenker SD, Ramis LY, Bialer MG, de Leone MJ, Hernando CE, Bianchimano L, Ríos AS, Treffinger Cienfuegos MS, Rodriguez García DR, Longueira Y, Laufer N, Alvarez D, Ceballos A, Ochoa V, Monzani C, Turk G, Salvatori M, Carradori J, Prost K, Rima A, Varela C, Ercole R, Toro RI, Gutierrez S, Zubieta M, Acuña D, Nabaes Jodar MS, Torres C, Mojsiejczuk L, Viegas M, Velazquez P, Testa C, Kreplak N, Yanovsky M, Whelan S, Geffner J, Pifano M, Gamarnik AV. Longitudinal Study after Sputnik V Vaccination Shows Durable SARS-CoV-2 Neutralizing Antibodies and Reduced Viral Variant Escape to Neutralization over Time. mBio. 2022 Jan 25;13(1):e0344221. doi: 10.1128/mbio.03442-21. Epub ahead of print. PMID: 35073758; PMCID: PMC8787469.

124. Son J, Huang S, Zeng Q, Bricker TL, Case JB, Zhou J, Zang R, Liu Z, Chang X, Darling TL, Xu J, Harastani HH, Chen L, Gomez Castro MF, Zhao Y, Kohio HP, Hou G, Fan B, Niu B, Guo R, Rothlauf PW, Bailey AL, Wang X, Shi PY, Martinez ED, Brody SL, Whelan SPJ, Diamond MS, Boon ACM, Li B, Ding S. JIB-04 Has Broad-Spectrum Antiviral Activity and Inhibits SARS-CoV-2 Replication and Coronavirus Pathogenesis. mBio. 2022 Jan 18;13(1):e0337721. doi: 10.1128/mbio.03377-21. Epub ahead of print. PMID: 35038906; PMCID: PMC8764536.

123. Zeng C, Evans JP, King T, Zheng YM, Oltz EM, Whelan SPJ, Saif LJ, Peeples ME, Liu SL. SARS-CoV-2 spreads through cell-to-cell transmission. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2022 Jan 4;119(1):e2111400119. doi: 10.1073/pnas.2111400119. PMID: 34937699; PMCID: PMC8740724.

122. Pyle JD, Whelan SPJ, Bloyet LM. Structure and function of negative-strand RNA virus polymerase complexes. Enzymes. 2021;50:21-78. doi: 10.1016/bs.enz.2021.09.002. Epub 2021 Nov 10. PMID: 34861938.

121. Errico JM, Zhao H, Chen RE, Liu Z, Case JB, Ma M, Schmitz AJ, Rau MJ, Fitzpatrick JAJ, Shi PY, Diamond MS, Whelan SPJ, Ellebedy AH, Fremont DH. Structural mechanism of SARS-CoV-2 neutralization by two murine antibodies targeting the RBD. Cell Rep. 2021 Oct 26;37(4):109881. doi: 10.1016/j.celrep.2021.109881. Epub 2021 Oct 8. PMID: 34655519; PMCID: PMC8498651.

120. Pishesha N, Harmand TJ, Rothlauf PW, Praest P, Alexander RK, van den Doel R, Liebeskind MJ, Vakaki MA, McCaul N, Wijne C, Verhaar E, Pinney W 3rd, Heston H, Bloyet LM, Pontelli MC, Ilagan MXG, Jan Lebbink R, Buchser WJ, Wiertz EJHJ, Whelan SPJ, Ploegh HL. A class II MHC-targeted vaccine elicits immunity against SARS-CoV-2 and its variants. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2021 Nov 2;118(44):e2116147118. doi: 10.1073/pnas.2116147118. PMID: 34654739; PMCID: PMC8612213.

119. Mahoney M, Damalanka VC, Tartell MA, Chung DH, Lourenço AL, Pwee D, Mayer Bridwell AE, Hoffmann M, Voss J, Karmakar P, Azouz NP, Klingler AM, Rothlauf PW, Thompson CE, Lee M, Klampfer L, Stallings CL, Rothenberg ME, Pöhlmann S, Whelan SPJ, O'Donoghue AJ, Craik CS, Janetka JW. A novel class of TMPRSS2 inhibitors potently block SARS-CoV-2 and MERS-CoV viral entry and protect human epithelial lung cells. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2021 Oct 26;118(43):e2108728118. doi: 10.1073/pnas.2108728118. PMID: 34635581; PMCID: PMC8694051.

118. Ganaie SS, Schwarz MM, McMillen CM, Price DA, Feng AX, Albe JR, Wang W, Miersch S, Orvedahl A, Cole AR, Sentmanat MF, Mishra N, Boyles DA, Koenig ZT, Kujawa MR, Demers MA, Hoehl RM, Moyle AB, Wagner ND, Stubbs SH, Cardarelli L, Teyra J, McElroy A, Gross ML, Whelan SPJ, Doench J, Cui X, Brett TJ, Sidhu SS, Virgin HW, Egawa T, Leung DW, Amarasinghe GK, Hartman AL. Lrp1 is a host entry factor for Rift Valley fever virus. Cell. 2021 Sep 30;184(20):5163-5178.e24. doi: 10.1016/j.cell.2021.09.001. Epub 2021 Sep 23. PMID: 34559985; PMCID: PMC8786218.

117. VanBlargan LA, Adams LJ, Liu Z, Chen RE, Gilchuk P, Raju S, Smith BK, Zhao H, Case JB, Winkler ES, Whitener BM, Droit L, Aziati ID, Bricker TL, Joshi A, Shi PY, Creanga A, Pegu A, Handley SA, Wang D, Boon ACM, Crowe JE Jr, Whelan SPJ, Fremont DH, Diamond MS. A potently neutralizing SARS-CoV-2 antibody inhibits variants of concern by utilizing unique binding residues in a highly conserved epitope. Immunity. 2021 Oct 12;54(10):2399-2416.e6. doi: 10.1016/j.immuni.2021.08.016. Epub 2021 Aug 19. PMID: 34481543; PMCID: PMC8373659.

116. Schmitz AJ, Turner JS, Liu Z, Zhou JQ, Aziati ID, Chen RE, Joshi A, Bricker TL, Darling TL, Adelsberg DC, Altomare CG, Alsoussi WB, Case JB, VanBlargan LA, Lei T, Thapa M, Amanat F, Jeevan T, Fabrizio T, O'Halloran JA, Shi PY, Presti RM, Webby RJ, Krammer F, Whelan SPJ, Bajic G, Diamond MS, Boon ACM, Ellebedy AH. A vaccine-induced public antibody protects against SARS-CoV-2 and emerging variants. Immunity. 2021 Sep 14;54(9):2159-2166.e6. doi: 10.1016/j.immuni.2021.08.013. Epub 2021 Aug 17. PMID: 34464596; PMCID: PMC8367776.

115. Deepak P, Kim W, Paley MA, Yang M, Carvidi AB, Demissie EG, El-Qunni AA, Haile A, Huang K, Kinnett B, Liebeskind MJ, Liu Z, McMorrow LE, Paez D, Pawar N, Perantie DC, Schriefer RE, Sides SE, Thapa M, Gergely M, Abushamma S, Akuse S, Klebert M, Mitchell L, Nix D, Graf J, Taylor KE, Chahin S, Ciorba MA, Katz P, Matloubian M, O'Halloran JA, Presti RM, Wu GF, Whelan SPJ, Buchser WJ, Gensler LS, Nakamura MC, Ellebedy AH, Kim AHJ. Effect of Immunosuppression on the Immunogenicity of mRNA Vaccines to SARS-CoV-2 : A Prospective Cohort Study. Ann Intern Med. 2021 Nov;174(11):1572-1585. doi: 10.7326/M21-1757. Epub 2021 Aug 31. PMID: 34461029; PMCID: PMC8407518.

114. Pyle JD, Whelan SPJ. Isolation of Reconstructed Functional Ribonucleoprotein Complexes of Machupo Virus. J Virol. 2021 Oct 27;95(22):e0105421. doi: 10.1128/JVI.01054-21. Epub 2021 Aug 25. PMID: 34432522; PMCID: PMC8549503.

113. Su W, Sia SF, Schmitz AJ, Bricker TL, Starr TN, Greaney AJ, Turner JS, Mohammed BM, Liu Z, Choy KT, Darling TL, Joshi A, Cheng KM, Wong AYL, Harastani HH, Nicholls JM, Whelan SPJ, Bloom JD, Yen HL, Ellebedy AH, Boon ACM. Neutralizing Monoclonal Antibodies That Target the Spike Receptor Binding Domain Confer Fc Receptor-Independent Protection against SARS-CoV-2 Infection in Syrian Hamsters. mBio. 2021 Oct 26;12(5):e0239521. doi: 10.1128/mBio.02395-21. Epub 2021 Sep 14. PMID: 34517754; PMCID: PMC8546861.

112. Stubbs SH, Cornejo Pontelli M, Mishra N, Zhou C, de Paula Souza J, Mendes Viana RM, Lipkin WI, Knipe DM, Arruda E, Whelan SPJ. Vesicular Stomatitis Virus Chimeras Expressing the Oropouche Virus Glycoproteins Elicit Protective Immune Responses in Mice. mBio. 2021 Aug 31;12(4):e0046321. doi: 10.1128/mBio.00463-21. Epub 2021 Aug 3. PMID: 34340542; PMCID: PMC8406270.

111. Tortorici MA, Czudnochowski N, Starr TN, Marzi R, Walls AC, Zatta F, Bowen JE, Jaconi S, Di Iulio J, Wang Z, De Marco A, Zepeda SK, Pinto D, Liu Z, Beltramello M, Bartha I, Housley MP, Lempp FA, Rosen LE, Dellota E Jr, Kaiser H, Montiel-Ruiz M, Zhou J, Addetia A, Guarino B, Culap K, Sprugasci N, Saliba C, Vetti E, Giacchetto-Sasselli I, Fregni CS, Abdelnabi R, Foo SC, Havenar-Daughton C, Schmid MA, Benigni F, Cameroni E, Neyts J, Telenti A, Virgin HW, Whelan SPJ, Snell G, Bloom JD, Corti D, Veesler D, Pizzuto MS. Broad sarbecovirus neutralization by a human monoclonal antibody. Nature. 2021 Jul 19. doi: 10.1038/s41586-021-03817-4. Epub ahead of print. PMID: 34280951.

110. Tartell MA, Boulias K, Hoffmann GB, Bloyet LM, Greer EL, Whelan SPJ. Methylation of viral mRNA cap structures by PCIF1 attenuates the antiviral activity of interferon-β. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2021 Jul 20;118(29):e2025769118. doi: 10.1073/pnas.2025769118. PMID: 34266951.

109. Starr TN, Czudnochowski N, Liu Z, Zatta F, Park YJ, Addetia A, Pinto D, Beltramello M, Hernandez P, Greaney AJ, Marzi R, Glass WG, Zhang I, Dingens AS, Bowen JE, Tortorici MA, Walls AC, Wojcechowskyj JA, De Marco A, Rosen LE, Zhou J, Montiel-Ruiz M, Kaiser H, Dillen J, Tucker H, Bassi J, Silacci-Fregni C, Housley MP, di Iulio J, Lombardo G, Agostini M, Sprugasci N, Culap K, Jaconi S, Meury M, Dellota E, Abdelnabi R, Foo SC, Cameroni E, Stumpf S, Croll TI, Nix JC, Havenar-Daughton C, Piccoli L, Benigni F, Neyts J, Telenti A, Lempp FA, Pizzuto MS, Chodera JD, Hebner CM, Virgin HW, Whelan SPJ, Veesler D, Corti D, Bloom JD, Snell G. SARS-CoV-2 RBD antibodies that maximize breadth and resistance to escape. Nature. 2021 Jul 14. doi: 10.1038/s41586-021-03807-6. Epub ahead of print. PMID: 34261126.

108. Liu Z, Wu H, Egland KA, Gilliland TC, Dunn MD, Luke TC, Sullivan EJ, Klimstra WB, Bausch CL, Whelan SPJ. Human immunoglobulin from transchromosomic bovines hyperimmunized with SARS-CoV-2 spike antigen efficiently neutralizes viral variants. Hum Vaccin Immunother. 2021 Jul 6:1-10. doi: 10.1080/21645515.2021.1940652. Epub ahead of print. PMID: 34228597; PMCID: PMC8290372.

107. Puray-Chavez M, LaPak KM, Schrank TP, Elliott JL, Bhatt DP, Agajanian MJ, Jasuja R, Lawson DQ, Davis K, Rothlauf PW, Liu Z, Jo H, Lee N, Tenneti K, Eschbach JE, Shema Mugisha C, Cousins EM, Cloer EW, Vuong HR, VanBlargan LA, Bailey AL, Gilchuk P, Crowe JE Jr, Diamond MS, Hayes DN, Whelan SPJ, Horani A, Brody SL, Goldfarb D, Major MB, Kutluay SB. Systematic analysis of SARS-CoV-2 infection of an ACE2-negative human airway cell. Cell Rep. 2021 Jul 13;36(2):109364. doi: 10.1016/j.celrep.2021.109364. Epub 2021 Jun 23. PMID: 34214467; PMCID: PMC8220945.

106. Chen RE, Winkler ES, Case JB, Aziati ID, Bricker TL, Joshi A, Darling TL, Ying B, Errico JM, Shrihari S, VanBlargan LA, Xie X, Gilchuk P, Zost SJ, Droit L, Liu Z, Stumpf S, Wang D, Handley SA, Stine WB Jr, Shi PY, Davis-Gardner ME, Suthar MS, Knight MG, Andino R, Chiu CY, Ellebedy AH, Fremont DH, Whelan SPJ, Crowe JE Jr, Purcell L, Corti D, Boon ACM, Diamond MS. In vivo monoclonal antibody efficacy against SARS-CoV-2 variant strains. Nature. 2021 Aug;596(7870):103-108. doi: 10.1038/s41586-021-03720-y. Epub 2021 Jun 21. PMID: 34153975; PMCID: PMC8349859.

105. McCallum M, De Marco A, Lempp FA, Tortorici MA, Pinto D, Walls AC, Beltramello M, Chen A, Liu Z, Zatta F, Zepeda S, di Iulio J, Bowen JE, Montiel-Ruiz M, Zhou J, Rosen LE, Bianchi S, Guarino B, Fregni CS, Abdelnabi R, Foo SC, Rothlauf PW, Bloyet LM, Benigni F, Cameroni E, Neyts J, Riva A, Snell G, Telenti A, Whelan SPJ, Virgin HW, Corti D, Pizzuto MS, Veesler D. N-terminal domain antigenic mapping reveals a site of vulnerability for SARS-CoV-2. Cell. 2021 Apr 29;184(9):2332-2347.e16. doi: 10.1016/j.cell.2021.03.028. Epub 2021 Mar 16. PMID: 33761326; PMCID: PMC7962585.105.

104. Liu Z, VanBlargan LA, Bloyet LM, Rothlauf PW, Chen RE, Stumpf S, Zhao H, Errico JM, Theel ES, Liebeskind MJ, Alford B, Buchser WJ, Ellebedy AH, Fremont DH, Diamond MS, Whelan SPJ. Identification of SARS-CoV-2 spike mutations that attenuate monoclonal and serum antibody neutralization. Cell Host Microbe. 2021 Mar 10;29(3):477-488.e4. doi: 10.1016/j.chom.2021.01.014. Epub 2021 Jan 27. PMID: 33535027; PMCID: PMC7839837.

103. Jin RU, Brown JW, Li QK, Bayguinov PO, Wang JS, Mills JC; Collaborators, Whelan SPJ, Fitzpatrick JAJ, Meeker AK. Tropism of SARS-CoV-2 for Barrett's Esophagus may Increase Susceptibility to Developing COVID-19. Gastroenterology. 2021 Jan 15:S0016-5085(21)00091-3. doi: 10.1053/j.gastro.2021.01.024. Epub ahead of print. PMID: 33484686; PMCID: PMC7816599.

102. Greaney AJ, Starr TN, Gilchuk P, Zost SJ, Binshtein E, Loes AN, Hilton SK, Huddleston J, Eguia R, Crawford KHD, Dingens AS, Nargi RS, Sutton RE, Suryadevara N, Rothlauf PW, Liu Z, Whelan SPJ, Carnahan RH, Crowe JE Jr, Bloom JD. Complete Mapping of Mutations to the SARS-CoV-2 Spike Receptor-Binding Domain that Escape Antibody Recognition. Cell Host Microbe. 2021 Jan 13;29(1):44-57.e9. doi: 10.1016/j.chom.2020.11.007. PMID: 33259788; PMCID: PMC7676316.

101. Turner JS, Day A, Alsoussi WB, Liu Z, O'Halloran JA, Presti RM, Patterson BK, Whelan SPJ, Ellebedy AH, Mudd PA. SARS-CoV-2 Viral RNA Shedding for More Than 87 Days in an Individual With an Impaired CD8+ T Cell Response. Front Immunol. 2021 Jan 8;11:618402. doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.618402. PMID: 33488630; PMCID: PMC7820941.100. Zang R, Case JB, Yutuc E, Ma X, Shen S, Gomez Castro MF, Liu Z, Zeng Q, Zhao H, Son J, Rothlauf PW, Kreutzberger AJB, Hou G, Zhang H, Bose S, Wang X, Vahey MD, Mani K, Griffiths WJ, Kirchhausen T, Fremont DH, Guo H, Diwan A, Wang Y, Diamond MS, Whelan SPJ, Ding S. Cholesterol 25-hydroxylase suppresses SARS-CoV-2 replication by blocking membrane fusion. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2020 Dec 15;117(50):32105-32113. doi: 10.1073/pnas.2012197117. Epub 2020 Nov 25. PMID: 33239446; PMCID: PMC7749331.

99. McCarthy KR, Timpona JL, Jenni S, Bloyet LM, Brusic V, Johnson WE, Whelan SPJ, Robinson-McCarthy LR. Structure of the Receptor Binding Domain of EnvP(b)1, an Endogenous Retroviral Envelope Protein Expressed in Human Tissues. mBio. 2020 Nov 17;11(6):e02772-20. doi: 10.1128/mBio.02772-20. PMID: 33203760; PMCID: PMC7683403.

98. Case JB, Rothlauf PW, Chen RE, Kafai NM, Fox JM, Smith BK, Shrihari S, McCune BT, Harvey IB, Keeler SP, Bloyet LM, Zhao H, Ma M, Adams LJ, Winkler ES, Holtzman MJ, Fremont DH, Whelan SPJ, Diamond MS. Replication-Competent Vesicular Stomatitis Virus Vaccine Vector Protects against SARS-CoV-2-Mediated Pathogenesis in Mice. Cell Host Microbe. 2020 Sep 9;28(3):465-474.e4. doi: 10.1016/j.chom.2020.07.018. Epub 2020 Jul 30. PMID: 32798445; PMCID: PMC7391951.

97. Kang YL, Chou YY, Rothlauf PW, Liu Z, Soh TK, Cureton D, Case JB, Chen RE, Diamond MS, Whelan SPJ, Kirchhausen T. Inhibition of PIKfyve kinase prevents infection by Zaire ebolavirus and SARS-CoV-2. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2020 Aug 25;117(34):20803-20813. doi: 10.1073/pnas.2007837117. Epub 2020 Aug 6. PMID: 32764148; PMCID: PMC7456157.

96. Case JB, Rothlauf PW, Chen RE, Liu Z, Zhao H, Kim AS, Bloyet LM, Zeng Q, Tahan S, Droit L, Ilagan MXG, Tartell MA, Amarasinghe G, Henderson JP, Miersch S, Ustav M, Sidhu S, Virgin HW, Wang D, Ding S, Corti D, Theel ES, Fremont DH, Diamond MS, Whelan SPJ. Neutralizing Antibody and Soluble ACE2 Inhibition of a Replication-Competent VSV-SARS-CoV-2 and a Clinical Isolate of SARS-CoV-2. Cell Host Microbe. 2020 Sep 9;28(3):475-485.e5. doi: 10.1016/j.chom.2020.06.021. Epub 2020 Jul 3. PMID: 32735849; PMCID: PMC7332453.

95. Korber B, Fischer WM, Gnanakaran S, Yoon H, Theiler J, Abfalterer W, Hengartner N, Giorgi EE, Bhattacharya T, Foley B, Hastie KM, Parker MD, Partridge DG, Evans CM, Freeman TM, de Silva TI; Sheffield COVID-19 Genomics Group, McDanal C, Perez LG, Tang H, Moon-Walker A, Whelan SP, LaBranche CC, Saphire EO, Montefiori DC. Tracking Changes in SARS-CoV-2 Spike: Evidence that D614G Increases Infectivity of the COVID-19 Virus. Cell. 2020 Aug 20;182(4):812-827.e19. doi: 10.1016/j.cell.2020.06.043. Epub 2020 Jul 3. PMID: 32697968; PMCID: PMC7332439.

94. Zost SJ, Gilchuk P, Chen RE, Case JB, Reidy JX, Trivette A, Nargi RS, Sutton RE, Suryadevara N, Chen EC, Binshtein E, Shrihari S, Ostrowski M, Chu HY, Didier JE, MacRenaris KW, Jones T, Day S, Myers L, Eun-Hyung Lee F, Nguyen DC, Sanz I, Martinez DR, Rothlauf PW, Bloyet LM, Whelan SPJ, Baric RS, Thackray LB, Diamond MS, Carnahan RH, Crowe JE Jr. Rapid isolation and profiling of a diverse panel of human monoclonal antibodies targeting the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein. Nat Med. 2020 Sep;26(9):1422-1427. doi: 10.1038/s41591-020-0998-x. Epub 2020 Jul 10. PMID: 32651581; PMCID: PMC8194108.

93. Zang R, Gomez Castro MF, McCune BT, Zeng Q, Rothlauf PW, Sonnek NM, Liu Z, Brulois KF, Wang X, Greenberg HB, Diamond MS, Ciorba MA, Whelan SPJ, Ding S. TMPRSS2 and TMPRSS4 promote SARS-CoV-2 infection of human small intestinal enterocytes. Sci Immunol. 2020 May 13;5(47):eabc3582. doi: 10.1126/sciimmunol.abc3582. PMID: 32404436; PMCID: PMC7285829.

92. Bloyet LM, Morin B, Brusic V, Gardner E, Ross RA, Vadakkan T, Kirchhausen T, Whelan SPJ. Oligomerization of the Vesicular Stomatitis Virus Phosphoprotein Is Dispensable for mRNA Synthesis but Facilitates RNA Replication. J Virol. 2020 Jun 16;94(13):e00115-20. doi: 10.1128/JVI.00115-20. PMID: 32321813; PMCID: PMC7307139.

91. Horwitz JA, Jenni S, Harrison SC, Whelan SPJ. Structure of a rabies virus polymerase complex from electron cryo-microscopy. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2020 Jan 28;117(4):2099-2107. doi: 10.1073/pnas.1918809117. Epub 2020 Jan 17. PMID: 31953264; PMCID: PMC6995008.

90. de Wispelaere M, Carocci M, Burri DJ, Neidermyer WJ Jr, Olson CM, Roggenbach I, Liang Y, Wang J, Whelan SPJ, Gray NS, Yang PL. A broad-spectrum antiviral molecule, QL47, selectively inhibits eukaryotic translation. J Biol Chem. 2020 Feb 7;295(6):1694-1703. doi: 10.1074/jbc.RA119.011132. Epub 2019 Dec 30. PMID: 31914414; PMCID: PMC7008383.

89. Jenni S, Bloyet LM, Diaz-Avalos R, Liang B, Whelan SPJ, Grigorieff N, Harrison SC. Structure of the Vesicular Stomatitis Virus L Protein in Complex with Its Phosphoprotein Cofactor. Cell Rep. 2020 Jan 7;30(1):53-60.e5. doi: 10.1016/j.celrep.2019.12.024. PMID: 31914397; PMCID: PMC7049099.

88. Kueck T, Bloyet LM, Cassella E, Zang T, Schmidt F, Brusic V, Tekes G, Pornillos O, Whelan SPJ, Bieniasz PD. Vesicular Stomatitis Virus Transcription Is Inhibited by TRIM69 in the Interferon-Induced Antiviral State. J Virol. 2019 Nov 26;93(24):e01372-19. doi: 10.1128/JVI.01372-19. PMID: 31578292; PMCID: PMC6880163.

87. Neidermyer WJ Jr, Whelan SPJ. Global analysis of polysome-associated mRNA in vesicular stomatitis virus infected cells. PLoS Pathog. 2019 Jun 21;15(6):e1007875. doi: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1007875. PMID: 31226162; PMCID: PMC6608984.

86. Tao L, Tian S, Zhang J, Liu Z, Robinson-McCarthy L, Miyashita SI, Breault DT, Gerhard R, Oottamasathien S, Whelan SPJ, Dong M. Sulfated glycosaminoglycans and low-density lipoprotein receptor contribute to Clostridium difficile toxin A entry into cells. Nat Microbiol. 2019 Oct;4(10):1760-1769. doi: 10.1038/s41564-019-0464-z. Epub 2019 Jun 3. PMID: 31160825; PMCID: PMC6754795.

85. Caì Y, Yú S, Jangra RK, Postnikova EN, Wada J, Tesh RB, Whelan SPJ, Lauck M, Wiley MR, Finch CL, Radoshitzky SR, O'Connor DH, Palacios G, Chandran K, Chiu CY, Kuhn JH. Human, Nonhuman Primate, and Bat Cells Are Broadly Susceptible to Tibrovirus Particle Cell Entry. Front Microbiol. 2019 Apr 26;10:856. doi: 10.3389/fmicb.2019.00856. PMID: 31105663; PMCID: PMC6499107.

84. Pyle JD, Whelan SPJ. RNA ligands activate the Machupo virus polymerase and guide promoter usage. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2019 May 21;116(21):10518-10524. doi: 10.1073/pnas.1900790116. Epub 2019 May 9. PMID: 31072925; PMCID: PMC6535001.

83. Liu H, Tian Y, Lee K, Krishnan P, Wang MK, Whelan S, Mevers E, Soloveva V, Dedic B, Liu X, Cunningham JM. Identification of Potent Ebola Virus Entry Inhibitors with Suitable Properties for in Vivo Studies. J Med Chem. 2018 Jul 26;61(14):6293-6307. doi: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.8b00704. Epub 2018 Jul 3. PMID: 29920098.

82. Heinrich BS, Maliga Z, Stein DA, Hyman AA, Whelan SPJ. Phase Transitions Drive the Formation of Vesicular Stomatitis Virus Replication Compartments. mBio. 2018 Sep 4;9(5):e02290-17. doi: 10.1128/mBio.02290-17. PMID: 30181255; PMCID: PMC6123442.

81. Robinson-McCarthy LR, McCarthy KR, Raaben M, Piccinotti S, Nieuwenhuis J, Stubbs SH, Bakkers MJG, Whelan SPJ. Reconstruction of the cell entry pathway of an extinct virus. PLoS Pathog. 2018 Aug 6;14(8):e1007123. doi: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1007123. PMID: 30080900; PMCID: PMC6095630.

80. Franz KM, Neidermyer WJ, Tan YJ, Whelan SPJ, Kagan JC. STING-dependent translation inhibition restricts RNA virus replication. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2018 Feb 27;115(9):E2058-E2067. doi: 10.1073/pnas.1716937115. Epub 2018 Feb 12. PMID: 29440426; PMCID: PMC5834695.

79. Raaben M, Jae LT, Herbert AS, Kuehne AI, Stubbs SH, Chou YY, Blomen VA, Kirchhausen T, Dye JM, Brummelkamp TR, Whelan SP. NRP2 and CD63 Are Host Factors for Lujo Virus Cell Entry. Cell Host Microbe. 2017 Nov 8;22(5):688-696.e5. doi: 10.1016/j.chom.2017.10.002. PMID: 29120745; PMCID: PMC5821226.

78. Hanke L, Schmidt FI, Knockenhauer KE, Morin B, Whelan SP, Schwartz TU, Ploegh HL. Vesicular stomatitis virus N protein-specific single-domain antibody fragments inhibit replication. EMBO Rep. 2017 Jun;18(6):1027-1037. doi: 10.15252/embr.201643764. Epub 2017 Apr 10. PMID: 28396572; PMCID: PMC5452021.

77. Kim IS, Jenni S, Stanifer ML, Roth E, Whelan SP, van Oijen AM, Harrison SC. Mechanism of membrane fusion induced by vesicular stomatitis virus G protein. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2017 Jan 3;114(1):E28-E36. doi: 10.1073/pnas.1618883114. Epub 2016 Dec 14. PMID: 27974607; PMCID: PMC5224367.

76. Morin B, Liang B, Gardner E, Ross RA, Whelan SPJ. An In Vitro RNA Synthesis Assay for Rabies Virus Defines Ribonucleoprotein Interactions Critical for Polymerase Activity. J Virol. 2016 Dec 16;91(1):e01508-16. doi: 10.1128/JVI.01508-16. PMID: 27795419; PMCID: PMC5165209.

75. Piccinotti S, Whelan SP. Rabies Internalizes into Primary Peripheral Neurons via Clathrin Coated Pits and Requires Fusion at the Cell Body. PLoS Pathog. 2016 Jul 27;12(7):e1005753. doi: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1005753. PMID: 27463226; PMCID: PMC4963122.

74. Schmidt FI, Hanke L, Morin B, Brewer R, Brusic V, Whelan SP, Ploegh HL. Phenotypic lentivirus screens to identify functional single domain antibodies. Nat Microbiol. 2016 Jun 20;1(8):16080. doi: 10.1038/nmicrobiol.2016.80. PMID: 27573105; PMCID: PMC5010022.

73. Taylor TJ, Diaz F, Colgrove RC, Bernard KA, DeLuca NA, Whelan SP, Knipe DM. Production of immunogenic West Nile virus-like particles using a herpes simplex virus 1 recombinant vector. Virology. 2016 Jun 20;496:186-193. doi: 10.1016/j.virol.2016.06.006. [Epub ahead of print] PMID: 27336950. PMCID: PMC4969163.

72. Ndungo E, Herbert AS, Raaben M, Obernosterer G, Biswas R, Miller EH, Wirchnianski AS, Carette JE, Brummelkamp TR, Whelan SP, Dye JM, Chandran K. A Single Residue in Ebola Virus Receptor NPC1 Influences Cellular Host Range in Reptiles. mSphere. 2016 Mar 30;1(2). pii: e00007-16. doi: 10.1128/mSphere.00007-16. eCollection 2016 Mar-Apr. PMID: 27303731. PMCID: PMC4894689.

71. Russo BC, Stamm LM, Raaben M, Kim CM, Kahoud E, Robinson LR, Bose S, Queiroz AL, Herrera BB, Baxt LA, Mor-Vaknin N, Fu Y, Molina G, Markovitz DM, Whelan SP, Goldberg MB. Intermediate filaments enable pathogen docking to trigger type 3 effector translocation. Nat Microbiol. 2016 Mar 7;1:16025. doi: 10.1038/nmicrobiol.2016.25. PMID: 27572444; PMCID: PMC5006386.

70. Williams ES, Morales NM, Wasik BR, Brusic V, Whelan SP, Turner PE. Repeatable Population Dynamics among Vesicular Stomatitis Virus Lineages Evolved under High Co-infection. Front Microbiol. 2016 Mar 31;7:370. doi: 10.3389/fmicb.2016.00370. eCollection 2016. PMID: 27065953 PMCID: PMC4815288.

69. Chou YY, Cuevas C, Carocci M, Stubbs SH, Ma M, Cureton DK, Chao L, Evesson F, He K, Yang PL, Whelan SP, Ross SR, Kirchhausen T, Gaudin R. Identification and Characterization of a Novel Broad-Spectrum Virus Entry Inhibitor. J Virol. 2016 Apr 14;90(9):4494-4510. doi: 10.1128/JVI.00103-16. PMID: 26912630; PMCID: PMC4836360.

68. Maier KE, Jangra RK, Shieh KR, Cureton DK, Xiao H, Snapp EL, Whelan SP, Chandran K, Levy M. A New Transferrin Receptor Aptamer Inhibits New World Hemorrhagic Fever Mammarenavirus Entry. Mol Ther Nucleic Acids. 2016 May 24;5:e321. doi: 10.1038/mtna.2016.32. PMID: 27219515.

67. Robinson LR, Whelan SP. Infectious Entry Pathway Mediated by the Human Endogenous Retrovirus K Envelope Protein. J Virol. 2016 Jan 20;90(7):3640-9. doi: 10.1128/JVI.03136-15. PMID: 26792739; PMCID: PMC4794671.

66. Soh TK, Whelan SP. Tracking the Fate of Genetically Distinct Vesicular Stomatitis Virus Matrix Proteins Highlights the Role for Late Domains in Assembly. J Virol. 2015 Dec;89(23):11750-60. doi: 10.1128/JVI.01371-15. Epub 2015 Sep 2. Erratum in: J Virol. 2016 May 27;90(12):5847. PMID: 26339059; PMCID: PMC4645316.

65. Liang B, Li Z, Jenni S, Rahmeh AA, Morin BM, Grant T, Grigorieff N, Harrison SC, Whelan SPJ. Structure of the L Protein of Vesicular Stomatitis Virus from Electron Cryomicroscopy. Cell. 2015 Jul 16;162(2):314-327. doi: 10.1016/j.cell.2015.06.018. Epub 2015 Jul 2. PMID: 26144317; PMCID: PMC4557768.

64. Knipe DM, Whelan SP. Rethinking the Response to Emerging Microbes: Vaccines and Therapeutics in the Ebola Era--a Conference at Harvard Medical School. J Virol. 2015 Aug;89(15):7446-8. doi: 10.1128/JVI.01251-15. Epub 2015 May 20. PMID: 25995250; PMCID: PMC4505668.

63. Herbert AS, Davidson C, Kuehne AI, Bakken R, Braigen SZ, Gunn KE, Whelan SP, Brummelkamp TR, Twenhafel NA, Chandran K, Walkley SU, Dye JM. Niemann-pick C1 is essential for ebolavirus replication and pathogenesis in vivo. mBio. 2015 May 26;6(3):e00565-15. doi: 10.1128/mBio.00565-15. PMID: 26015498; PMCID: PMC4447246.

62. Wang B, Yang C, Tekes G, Mueller S, Paul A, Whelan SP, Wimmer E. Recoding of the vesicular stomatitis virus L gene by computer-aided design provides a live, attenuated vaccine candidate. mBio. 2015 Mar 31;6(2):e00237-15. doi: 10.1128/mBio.00237-15. PMID: 25827413; PMCID: PMC4453547.

61. Jae LT, Raaben M, Herbert AS, Kuehne AI, Wirchnianski AS, Soh TK, Stubbs SH, Janssen H, Damme M, Saftig P, Whelan SP, Dye JM, Brummelkamp TR. Virus entry. Lassa virus entry requires a trigger-induced receptor switch. Science. 2014 Jun 27;344(6191):1506-10. doi: 10.1126/science.1252480. PMID: 24970085; PMCID: PMC4239993.60. Lee AS, Burdeinick-Kerr R, Whelan SP. A genome-wide small interfering RNA screen identifies host factors required for vesicular stomatitis virus infection. J Virol. 2014 Aug;88(15):8355-60. doi: 10.1128/JVI.00642-14. Epub 2014 May 14. PMID: 24829348; PMCID: PMC4135952.

59. Morin B, Whelan SP. Sensitivity of the polymerase of vesicular stomatitis virus to 2' substitutions in the template and nucleotide triphosphate during initiation and elongation. J Biol Chem. 2014 Apr 4;289(14):9961-9. doi: 10.1074/jbc.M113.542761. Epub 2014 Feb 13. PMID: 24526687; PMCID: PMC3975040.

58. Ma Y, Wei Y, Zhang X, Zhang Y, Cai H, Zhu Y, Shilo K, Oglesbee M, Krakowka S, Whelan SP, Li J. mRNA cap methylation influences pathogenesis of vesicular stomatitis virus in vivo. J Virol. 2014 Mar;88(5):2913-26. doi: 10.1128/JVI.03420-13. Epub 2013 Dec 26. PMID: 24371058; PMCID: PMC3958058.

57. Piccinotti S, Kirchhausen T, Whelan SP. Uptake of rabies virus into epithelial cells by clathrin-mediated endocytosis depends upon actin. J Virol. 2013 Nov;87(21):11637-47. doi: 10.1128/JVI.01648-13. Epub 2013 Aug 21. PMID: 23966407; PMCID: PMC3807345.

56. Morin B, Kranzusch PJ, Rahmeh AA, Whelan SP. The polymerase of negative-stranded RNA viruses. Curr Opin Virol. 2013 Apr;3(2):103-10. doi: 10.1016/j.coviro.2013.03.008. Epub 2013 Apr 18. PMID: 23602472; PMCID: PMC4159711. 

55. Jae LT, Raaben M, Riemersma M, van Beusekom E, Blomen VA, Velds A, Kerkhoven RM, Carette JE, Topaloglu H, Meinecke P, Wessels MW, Lefeber DJ, Whelan SP, van Bokhoven H, Brummelkamp TR. Deciphering the glycosylome of dystroglycanopathies using haploid screens for lassa virus entry. Science. 2013 Apr 26;340(6131):479-83. doi: 10.1126/science.1233675. Epub 2013 Mar 21. PMID: 23519211; PMCID: PMC3919138.

54. Semler BL, Whelan SP. Methods to study RNA virus molecular biology. Methods. 2013 Feb;59(2):165-6. doi: 10.1016/j.ymeth.2013.02.013. PMID: 23465704; PMCID: PMC4157455.

53. Ivanovic T, Choi JL, Whelan SP, van Oijen AM, Harrison SC. Influenza-virus membrane fusion by cooperative fold-back of stochastically induced hemagglutinin intermediates. Elife. 2013 Feb 19;2:e00333. doi: 10.7554/eLife.00333. PMID: 23550179; PMCID: PMC3578201.

52. Lee AS, Burdeinick-Kerr R, Whelan SP. A ribosome-specialized translation initiation pathway is required for cap-dependent translation of vesicular stomatitis virus mRNAs. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2013 Jan 2;110(1):324-9. doi: 10.1073/pnas.1216454109. Epub 2012 Nov 19. PMID: 23169626; PMCID: PMC3538191.

51. Krishnan A, Miller EH, Herbert AS, Ng M, Ndungo E, Whelan SP, Dye JM, Chandran K. Niemann-Pick C1 (NPC1)/NPC1-like1 chimeras define sequences critical for NPC1's function as a flovirus entry receptor. Viruses. 2012 Oct 25;4(11):2471-84. doi: 10.3390/v4112471. PMID: 23202491; PMCID: PMC3509659.

50. Morin B, Whelan SPJ. La protéine L des Mononegavirales. Virologie (Montrouge). 2012 Aug 1;16(4):258-268. English. doi: 10.1684/vir.2012.0457. PMID: 33065884. (in French)

49. Rahmeh AA, Morin B, Schenk AD, Liang B, Heinrich BS, Brusic V, Walz T, Whelan SP. Critical phosphoprotein elements that regulate polymerase architecture and function in vesicular stomatitis virus. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2012 Sep 4;109(36):14628-33. doi: 10.1073/pnas.1209147109. Epub 2012 Aug 20. PMID: 22908284; PMCID: PMC3437890.

48. Kranzusch PJ, Whelan SP. Architecture and regulation of negative-strand viral enzymatic machinery. RNA Biol. 2012 Jul;9(7):941-8. doi: 10.4161/rna.20345. Epub 2012 Jul 1. PMID: 22767259; PMCID: PMC3495737.

47. Heinrich BS, Morin B, Rahmeh AA, Whelan SP. Structural properties of the C terminus of vesicular stomatitis virus N protein dictate N-RNA complex assembly, encapsidation, and RNA synthesis. J Virol. 2012 Aug;86(16):8720-9. doi: 10.1128/JVI.00990-12. Epub 2012 Jun 6. PMID: 22674999; PMCID: PMC3421751.

46. Miller EH, Obernosterer G, Raaben M, Herbert AS, Deffieu MS, Krishnan A, Ndungo E, Sandesara RG, Carette JE, Kuehne AI, Ruthel G, Pfeffer SR, Dye JM, Whelan SP, Brummelkamp TR, Chandran K. Ebola virus entry requires the host-programmed recognition of an intracellular receptor. EMBO J. 2012 Apr 18;31(8):1947-60. doi: 10.1038/emboj.2012.53. Epub 2012 Mar 6. PMID: 22395071; PMCID: PMC3343336.

45. Morin B, Rahmeh AA, Whelan SP. Mechanism of RNA synthesis initiation by the vesicular stomatitis virus polymerase. EMBO J. 2012 Mar 7;31(5):1320-9. doi: 10.1038/emboj.2011.483. Epub 2012 Jan 13. PMID: 22246179; PMCID: PMC3297992.

44. Cureton DK, Burdeinick-Kerr R, Whelan SP. Genetic inactivation of COPI coatomer separately inhibits vesicular stomatitis virus entry and gene expression. J Virol. 2012 Jan;86(2):655-66. doi: 10.1128/JVI.05810-11. Epub 2011 Nov 9. PMID: 22072764; PMCID: PMC3255828.

43. Kranzusch PJ, Whelan SP. Arenavirus Z protein controls viral RNA synthesis by locking a polymerase-promoter complex. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2011 Dec 6;108(49):19743-8. doi: 10.1073/pnas.1112742108. Epub 2011 Nov 21. PMID: 22106304; PMCID: PMC3241799.

42. Mulherkar N, Raaben M, de la Torre JC, Whelan SP, Chandran K. The Ebola virus glycoprotein mediates entry via a non-classical dynamin-dependent macropinocytic pathway. Virology. 2011 Oct 25;419(2):72-83. doi: 10.1016/j.virol.2011.08.009. Epub 2011 Sep 9. PMID: 21907381; PMCID: PMC3177976.

41. Beier K, Saunders A, Oldenburg I, Whelan S, Sabbatini B, and Cepko C. Anterograde and retrograde transneuronal labeling of CNS neurons with engineered VSV vectors. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2011 Sep 13;108(37):15414-9. doi: 10.1073/pnas.1110854108  PMID: 21825165; PMCID: PMC3174680.

40. Carette JE*, Raaben M*, Wong AC*, Herbert AS, Obernosterer G, Mulherkar NG, Kuehne AI, Griffin AM, Ruthel G, Dal Cin P, Dye JM§, Whelan SP§, Chandran K§ and Brummelkamp T§ Ebola virus entry requires the cholesterol transporter NPC1. Nature 2011 Aug 24. doi: 10.1038/nature10348 (§ denotes co-corresponding author)  PMID: 21866103; PMCID: PMC3175325.

39. Stanifer ML, Cureton DK, and Whelan SPJ. A recombinant vesicular stomatitis virus bearing a lethal mutation in the glycoprotein gene, uncovers a second site suppressor that restores fusion. J. Virol 2011. 85(16):8105-15. doi: 10.1128/JVI.00735-11. PMID: 21680501; PMCID: PMC3147994.

38. Tekes G, Rahmeh A, Whelan SP. A freeze-frame view of transcription reveals a minimal length for mRNA cap addition by the vesicular stomatitis virus large polymerase protein. PLoS Pathogens 2011. 7(6):e1002073 doi: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1002073. PMID: 21655110; PMCID: PMC3107219.

37. Kranzusch PJ, Schenk AD, Rahmeh AA, Radoshitzky SR, Bavari S, Walz T, and Whelan SPJ. Assembly of a functional Machupo virus polymerase complex. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. (USA) 2010. 107(46):20069-74. doi: 10.1073/pnas.1007152107. PMID: 20978208; PMCID: PMC2993349.

36. Rahmeh AA, Schenk AD, Danek EI, Kranzusch PJ, Liang B, Walz T and Whelan SPJ. Molecular architecture of the vesicular stomatitis virus RNA polymerase. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. (USA) 2010. 107(46):20075-80. doi: 10.1073/pnas.1013559107. PMID: 21041632; PMCID: PMC2993402.

35. Radoshitzky SR, Dong L, Chi X, Clester JC, Retterer C, Spurgers K, Kuhn JH, Sandwick S, Ruthel G, Kota K, Boltz D, Warren T, Kranzusch PJ, Whelan SP, Bavari S. Infectious Lassa virus, but not filoviruses, is restricted by BST-2/Tetherin. J. Virol. 2010. 84(20):10569-80. doi: 10.1128/JVI.00103-10. PMID: 20686043; PMCID: PMC2950602.

34. Cureton DK, Massol R, Whelan SP*, Kirchhausen T*. The length of vesicular stomatitis virus particles dictates a need for actin assembly during clathrin-dependent endocytosis. PLoS Pathog. 2010. 6(9):e1001127. doi: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1001127. PMID: 20941355; PMCID: PMC2947997.*= co-corresponding authors.

33. Iannacone M, Moseman EA, Tonti E, Bosurgi L, Junt T, Whelan SP, Guidotti L and von Andrian UH. Lymph Node Subcapsular Sinus Macrophages Confer Resistance to CNS Invasion Upon Peripheral Infection With a Neurotropic Virus. Nature 2010. 465(7301):1079-83. doi: 10.1038/nature09118. PMID: 20577213; PMCID: PMC2892812.

32. Heinrich B, Cureton DK, Rahmeh A, Whelan SP. Protein expression redirects vesicular stomatitis virus RNA synthesis to cytoplasmic inclusions. PLoS Pathog. 2010 6(6):e1000958. doi: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1000958. PMID: 20585632; PMCID: PMC2891829.

31. Dixit E, Boulant S, Zhang Y, Lee AS, Odendall C, Shum B, Hacohen N, Chen ZJ, Whelan SP, Fransen M, Nibert ML, Superti-Furga G, Kagan JC. Peroxisomes are signaling platforms for antiviral innate immunity. Cell 2010. 141(4):668-81. doi: 10.1016/j.cell.2010.04.018. PMID: 20451243; PMCID: PMC3670185.

30.              Wolf M, Freiberg A, Zhang T, Ataman ZA, Grock A, Hong P, Li J, Watson N, Fang A, Aguilar H, Porotto M, Honko A, Damoiseaux R, Miller J, Woodson S, Chantasirivisal S, Fontanes V, Negrete O, Krogstad P, Dasgupta A, Moscona A, Hensley S, Whelan S, Faull K, Holbrook M, Jung M, Lee B. A broad-spectrum antiviral targeting entry of enveloped viruses. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. (USA). 2010. 107(7):3157-62. doi: 10.1073/pnas.0909587107. PMID: 20133606; PMCID: PMC2840368.

29. Wong AC, Sandesara RG, Mulherkar N, Whelan SP, Chandran K. A forward genetic strategy reveals destabilizing mutations in the Ebolavirus glycoprotein that alter its protease dependence during cell entry. J. Virol. 2010. 84(1):163-75. doi: 10.1128/JVI.01832-09. PMID: 19846533; PMCID: PMC2798398.

28. Whelan SP. Rhabdoviruses. Cameron, Craig E.; Götte, Matthias; Raney, Kevin D. (Eds.) Springer, New York. “Viral Genome Replication”. 2009 (8): 145-162.

27. Cureton DK, Massol RH, Saffrian S, Kirchhausen TL, Whelan SPJ. Vesicular stomatitis virus enters cells through vesicles incompletely coated with clathrin that depend upon actin for internalization. PLoS Pathog. 2009. 5:e1000394. doi: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1000394. PMID: 19390604; PMCID: PMC2667253.

26. Li J, Rahmeh A, Brusic V, Whelan SPJ. Opposing effects of inhibiting cap addition and cap methylation on polyadenylation during vesicular stomatitis virus mRNA synthesis. J. Virol. 2009. 83 (4):1930-1940. doi: 10.1128/JVI.02162-08. PMID: 19073725; PMCID: PMC2643785.

25. Whelan SP. Vesicular stomatitis virus. Encyclopedia of Virology: 2008 5:291-9.

24. Whelan SP. Non-segmented negative-strand RNA virus RNA synthesis in vivo. Virology. 2008. 371(2):234-7. doi: 10.1016/j.virol.2007.11.027. PMID: 18158168; NIHMSID:NIHMS144921.

23. Li J, Rahmeh, A., Morelli, M. Whelan SP. A conserved motif in region v of the large polymerase proteins of nonsegmented negative-sense RNA viruses that is essential for mRNA capping. J. Virol. 2008. 82(2):775-84. doi: 10.1128/JVI.02107-07. PMID: 18003731; PMCID: PMC2224588.

22. Junt T., Moseman EA., Boes M., Fink K., Shayakhmetov DM., Mempel T., Whelan SP, and von Andrian UH. Subcapsular sinus macrophages in lymph nodes clear lymph-borne viruses and present them to antiviral B cells. Nature 2007. 450(7166):110-4. doi: 10.1038/nature06287. PMID: 17934446; NIHMSID:NIHMS144919.

21. Wang JT, McElvain L, Whelan SP. Vesicular stomatitis virus mRNA capping machinery requires specific cis-acting signals in the RNA. J. Virol. 2007. 81(20) 11499-11506.doi: 10.1128/JVI.01057-07. PMID: 17686869; PMCID: PMC2045530. This manuscript was spotlighted by the editors.

20. Li J, Chorba, J, Whelan SP. Vesicular stomatitis viruses resistant to the methylase inhibitor sinefungin upregulate RNA synthesis and reveal mutations that affect mRNA cap methylation. J. Virol. 2007. 81 (8): 4104-4115. doi: 10.1128/JVI.02681-06. PMID: 17301155; PMCID: PMC1866143.

19. Li J, Wang JT, Whelan SP. A unique strategy of mRNA cap methylation used by vesicular stomatitis virus. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. (USA) 2006. 103(22):8493-8498. doi: 10.1073/pnas.0509821103. PMID: 16709677; PMCID: PMC1482520.

18. Robinson CD., Lourido S., Whelan SP., Dudycha JL., Lynch M., Isern S. Viral Transgenesis of Embryonic Cell Cultures from the Freshwater Microcrustacean Daphnia. J. Exp. Zool. 2006. 305A:62-67. doi: 10.1002/jez.a.250. PMID: 16358270; PMCID: PMC4863945.

17. Schott D, Cureton DK, Whelan SP, Hunter C. An antiviral role for the RNA interference machinery in Caenorhabditis elegans. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. (USA) 2005. 102(51):18420-18424. This manuscript was highlighted by the editors. doi: 10.1073/pnas.0507123102. PMID: 16339901; PMCID: PMC1317933.

16. Li J, Fontaine-Rodriguez EC, Whelan SP. Amino acid residues within conserved domain VI of the vesicular stomatitis virus large polymerase protein essential for mRNA cap methyltransferase activity. J. Virol. 2005. 79(21):13373-84. doi: 10.1128/JVI.79.21.13373-13384.2005. PMID: 16227259; PMCID: PMC1262600. This manuscript was spotlighted by the editors.

15. Chandran K, Sullivan NJ, Felbor U, Whelan SP, Cunningham JM. Endosomal proteolysis of the Ebola virus glycoprotein is necessary for infection. Science 2005. 308(5728):1643-5. doi: 10.1126/science.1110656. PMID: 15831716; PMCID: PMC4797943.

14. Cherry S, Doukas T, Armknecht S, Whelan S, Wang H, Sarnow P, Perrimon N. Genome-wide RNAi screen reveals a specific sensitivity of IRES-containing RNA viruses to host translation inhibition. Genes Dev. 2005. 19(4):445-52. doi: 10.1101/gad.1267905. PMID: 15713840; PMCID: PMC548945.

13. Whelan SP, Barr JN, Wertz GW. Transcription and replication of nonsegmented negative-strand RNA viruses. Curr. Top. Microbiol. Immunol. 2004. 283:61-119. doi: 10.1007/978-3-662-06099-5_3. Review. PMID: 15298168.

12. Barr JN, Whelan SP, Wertz GW. Transcriptional control of the RNA-dependent RNA polymerase of vesicular stomatitis virus. Biochim. Biophys. Acta. 2002. 1577(2):337-53. doi: 10.1016/s0167-4781(02)00462-1. Review. PMID: 12213662.

11. Whelan SP, Wertz GW. Transcription and replication initiate at separate sites on the vesicular stomatitis virus genome. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. (USA). 2002. 99(14):9178-83. doi: 10.1073/pnas.152155599. PMID: 12089339; PMCID: PMC123114.

10. Whelan SP, Barr JN, Wertz GW. Identification of a minimal size requirement for termination of vesicular stomatitis virus mRNA: implications for the mechanism of transcription. J. Virol. 2000. 74(18):8268-76. doi: 10.1128/jvi.74.18.8268-8276.2000. PMID: 10954524; PMCID: PMC116335.

9. Whelan SP, Wertz GW. Regulation of RNA synthesis by the genomic termini of vesicular stomatitis virus: identification of distinct sequences essential for transcription but not replication. J. Virol. 1999. 73(1):297-306. doi: 10.1128/JVI.73.1.297-306.1999. PMID: 9847333; PMCID: PMC103834.

8. SPJ Whelan and G. W. Wertz. Defective Interfering Particles of VSV: Functions of the genomic termini.  Sem. Virol. 1997. 8:131-9.

7. Barr JN, Whelan SP, Wertz GW. cis-Acting signals involved in termination of vesicular stomatitis virus mRNA synthesis include the conserved AUAC and the U7 signal for polyadenylation. J. Virol. 1997. 71(11):8718-25. doi: 10.1128/JVI.71.11.8718-8725.1997. PMID: 9343230;PMCID: PMC192336.

6. Barr JN, Whelan SP, Wertz GW. Role of the intergenic dinucleotide in vesicular stomatitis virus RNA transcription. J. Virol. 1997. 71(3):1794-801. doi: 10.1128/JVI.71.3.1794-1801.1997. PMID: 9032308; PMCID: PMC191248.

5. Whelan SP, Ball LA, Barr JN, Wertz GT. Efficient recovery of infectious vesicular stomatitis virus entirely from cDNA clones. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. (USA). 1995. 92(18):8388-92. doi: 10.1073/pnas.92.18.8388. PMID: 7667300; PMCID: PMC41162.

4. Whelan SP, Evans D, Almond JW. Manipulation of the cellular binding properties of poliovirus: implications for non-target effects of recombinant vaccines. Dev. Biol. Stand. 1995. 84:129-36. PMID: 7796945.

3. Wertz GW, Whelan S, LeGrone A, Ball LA. Extent of terminal complementarity modulates the balance between transcription and replication of vesicular stomatitis virus RNA. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. (USA) 1994. 91(18):8587-91. doi: 10.1073/pnas.91.18.8587. PMID: 8078927; PMCID: PMC44651.

2. Rahmeh AA, Li J, Kranzusch PJ, Whelan SP. Ribose 2’-O methylation of the vesicular stomatitis virus mRNA cap precedes and facilitates subsequent guanine-N-7 methylation by the large polymerase protein. J. Virol. 2009. 83(21):11043-50. doi: 10.1128/JVI.01426-09. PMID: 19710136; PMCID: PMC2772757.

1. Whelan SP, Wertz GW. The 5' terminal trailer region of vesicular stomatitis virus contains a position-dependent cis-acting signal for assembly of RNA into infectious particles. J. Virol. 1999. 73(1):307-15. doi: 10.1128/JVI.73.1.307-315.1999. PMID: 9847334; PMCID: PMC103835.